diff --git a/.pylintrc b/.pylintrc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a3e7df --- /dev/null +++ b/.pylintrc @@ -0,0 +1,647 @@ +[MAIN] + +# Analyse import fallback blocks. This can be used to support both Python 2 and +# 3 compatible code, which means that the block might have code that exists +# only in one or another interpreter, leading to false positives when analysed. +analyse-fallback-blocks=no + +# Clear in-memory caches upon conclusion of linting. Useful if running pylint +# in a server-like mode. +clear-cache-post-run=no + +# Load and enable all available extensions. Use --list-extensions to see a list +# all available extensions. +#enable-all-extensions= + +# In error mode, messages with a category besides ERROR or FATAL are +# suppressed, and no reports are done by default. Error mode is compatible with +# disabling specific errors. +#errors-only= + +# Always return a 0 (non-error) status code, even if lint errors are found. +# This is primarily useful in continuous integration scripts. +#exit-zero= + +# A comma-separated list of package or module names from where C extensions may +# be loaded. Extensions are loading into the active Python interpreter and may +# run arbitrary code. +extension-pkg-allow-list= + +# A comma-separated list of package or module names from where C extensions may +# be loaded. Extensions are loading into the active Python interpreter and may +# run arbitrary code. (This is an alternative name to extension-pkg-allow-list +# for backward compatibility.) +extension-pkg-whitelist= + +# Return non-zero exit code if any of these messages/categories are detected, +# even if score is above --fail-under value. Syntax same as enable. Messages +# specified are enabled, while categories only check already-enabled messages. +fail-on= + +# Specify a score threshold under which the program will exit with error. +fail-under=10 + +# Interpret the stdin as a python script, whose filename needs to be passed as +# the module_or_package argument. +#from-stdin= + +# Files or directories to be skipped. They should be base names, not paths. +ignore=CVS + +# Add files or directories matching the regular expressions patterns to the +# ignore-list. The regex matches against paths and can be in Posix or Windows +# format. Because '\\' represents the directory delimiter on Windows systems, +# it can't be used as an escape character. +ignore-paths= + +# Files or directories matching the regular expression patterns are skipped. +# The regex matches against base names, not paths. The default value ignores +# Emacs file locks +ignore-patterns=^\.# + +# List of module names for which member attributes should not be checked and +# will not be imported (useful for modules/projects where namespaces are +# manipulated during runtime and thus existing member attributes cannot be +# deduced by static analysis). It supports qualified module names, as well as +# Unix pattern matching. +ignored-modules= + +# Python code to execute, usually for sys.path manipulation such as +# pygtk.require(). +#init-hook= + +# Use multiple processes to speed up Pylint. Specifying 0 will auto-detect the +# number of processors available to use, and will cap the count on Windows to +# avoid hangs. +jobs=1 + +# Control the amount of potential inferred values when inferring a single +# object. This can help the performance when dealing with large functions or +# complex, nested conditions. +limit-inference-results=100 + +# List of plugins (as comma separated values of python module names) to load, +# usually to register additional checkers. +load-plugins= + +# Pickle collected data for later comparisons. +persistent=yes + +# Resolve imports to .pyi stubs if available. May reduce no-member messages and +# increase not-an-iterable messages. +prefer-stubs=no + +# Minimum Python version to use for version dependent checks. Will default to +# the version used to run pylint. +py-version=3.12 + +# Discover python modules and packages in the file system subtree. +recursive=no + +# Add paths to the list of the source roots. Supports globbing patterns. The +# source root is an absolute path or a path relative to the current working +# directory used to determine a package namespace for modules located under the +# source root. +source-roots= + +# When enabled, pylint would attempt to guess common misconfiguration and emit +# user-friendly hints instead of false-positive error messages. +suggestion-mode=yes + +# Allow loading of arbitrary C extensions. Extensions are imported into the +# active Python interpreter and may run arbitrary code. +unsafe-load-any-extension=no + +# In verbose mode, extra non-checker-related info will be displayed. +#verbose= + + +[BASIC] + +# Naming style matching correct argument names. +argument-naming-style=snake_case + +# Regular expression matching correct argument names. Overrides argument- +# naming-style. If left empty, argument names will be checked with the set +# naming style. +#argument-rgx= + +# Naming style matching correct attribute names. +attr-naming-style=snake_case + +# Regular expression matching correct attribute names. Overrides attr-naming- +# style. If left empty, attribute names will be checked with the set naming +# style. +#attr-rgx= + +# Bad variable names which should always be refused, separated by a comma. +bad-names=foo, + bar, + baz, + toto, + tutu, + tata + +# Bad variable names regexes, separated by a comma. If names match any regex, +# they will always be refused +bad-names-rgxs= + +# Naming style matching correct class attribute names. +class-attribute-naming-style=any + +# Regular expression matching correct class attribute names. Overrides class- +# attribute-naming-style. If left empty, class attribute names will be checked +# with the set naming style. +#class-attribute-rgx= + +# Naming style matching correct class constant names. +class-const-naming-style=UPPER_CASE + +# Regular expression matching correct class constant names. Overrides class- +# const-naming-style. If left empty, class constant names will be checked with +# the set naming style. +#class-const-rgx= + +# Naming style matching correct class names. +class-naming-style=PascalCase + +# Regular expression matching correct class names. Overrides class-naming- +# style. If left empty, class names will be checked with the set naming style. +#class-rgx= + +# Naming style matching correct constant names. +const-naming-style=UPPER_CASE + +# Regular expression matching correct constant names. Overrides const-naming- +# style. If left empty, constant names will be checked with the set naming +# style. +#const-rgx= + +# Minimum line length for functions/classes that require docstrings, shorter +# ones are exempt. +docstring-min-length=-1 + +# Naming style matching correct function names. +function-naming-style=snake_case + +# Regular expression matching correct function names. Overrides function- +# naming-style. If left empty, function names will be checked with the set +# naming style. +#function-rgx= + +# Good variable names which should always be accepted, separated by a comma. +good-names=i, + j, + k, + ex, + Run, + _ + +# Good variable names regexes, separated by a comma. If names match any regex, +# they will always be accepted +good-names-rgxs= + +# Include a hint for the correct naming format with invalid-name. +include-naming-hint=no + +# Naming style matching correct inline iteration names. +inlinevar-naming-style=any + +# Regular expression matching correct inline iteration names. Overrides +# inlinevar-naming-style. If left empty, inline iteration names will be checked +# with the set naming style. +#inlinevar-rgx= + +# Naming style matching correct method names. +method-naming-style=snake_case + +# Regular expression matching correct method names. Overrides method-naming- +# style. If left empty, method names will be checked with the set naming style. +#method-rgx= + +# Naming style matching correct module names. +module-naming-style=snake_case + +# Regular expression matching correct module names. Overrides module-naming- +# style. If left empty, module names will be checked with the set naming style. +#module-rgx= + +# Colon-delimited sets of names that determine each other's naming style when +# the name regexes allow several styles. +name-group= + +# Regular expression which should only match function or class names that do +# not require a docstring. +no-docstring-rgx=^_ + +# List of decorators that produce properties, such as abc.abstractproperty. Add +# to this list to register other decorators that produce valid properties. +# These decorators are taken in consideration only for invalid-name. +property-classes=abc.abstractproperty + +# Regular expression matching correct type alias names. If left empty, type +# alias names will be checked with the set naming style. +#typealias-rgx= + +# Regular expression matching correct type variable names. If left empty, type +# variable names will be checked with the set naming style. +#typevar-rgx= + +# Naming style matching correct variable names. +variable-naming-style=snake_case + +# Regular expression matching correct variable names. Overrides variable- +# naming-style. If left empty, variable names will be checked with the set +# naming style. +#variable-rgx= + + +[CLASSES] + +# Warn about protected attribute access inside special methods +check-protected-access-in-special-methods=no + +# List of method names used to declare (i.e. assign) instance attributes. +defining-attr-methods=__init__, + __new__, + setUp, + asyncSetUp, + __post_init__ + +# List of member names, which should be excluded from the protected access +# warning. +exclude-protected=_asdict,_fields,_replace,_source,_make,os._exit + +# List of valid names for the first argument in a class method. +valid-classmethod-first-arg=cls + +# List of valid names for the first argument in a metaclass class method. +valid-metaclass-classmethod-first-arg=mcs + + +[DESIGN] + +# List of regular expressions of class ancestor names to ignore when counting +# public methods (see R0903) +exclude-too-few-public-methods= + +# List of qualified class names to ignore when counting class parents (see +# R0901) +ignored-parents= + +# Maximum number of arguments for function / method. +max-args=5 + +# Maximum number of attributes for a class (see R0902). +max-attributes=7 + +# Maximum number of boolean expressions in an if statement (see R0916). +max-bool-expr=5 + +# Maximum number of branch for function / method body. +max-branches=12 + +# Maximum number of locals for function / method body. +max-locals=15 + +# Maximum number of parents for a class (see R0901). +max-parents=7 + +# Maximum number of public methods for a class (see R0904). +max-public-methods=20 + +# Maximum number of return / yield for function / method body. +max-returns=6 + +# Maximum number of statements in function / method body. +max-statements=50 + +# Minimum number of public methods for a class (see R0903). +min-public-methods=2 + + +[EXCEPTIONS] + +# Exceptions that will emit a warning when caught. +overgeneral-exceptions=builtins.BaseException,builtins.Exception + + +[FORMAT] + +# Expected format of line ending, e.g. empty (any line ending), LF or CRLF. +expected-line-ending-format= + +# Regexp for a line that is allowed to be longer than the limit. +ignore-long-lines=^\s*(# )??$ + +# Number of spaces of indent required inside a hanging or continued line. +indent-after-paren=4 + +# String used as indentation unit. This is usually " " (4 spaces) or "\t" (1 +# tab). +indent-string=' ' + +# Maximum number of characters on a single line. +max-line-length=100 + +# Maximum number of lines in a module. +max-module-lines=1000 + +# Allow the body of a class to be on the same line as the declaration if body +# contains single statement. +single-line-class-stmt=no + +# Allow the body of an if to be on the same line as the test if there is no +# else. +single-line-if-stmt=no + + +[IMPORTS] + +# List of modules that can be imported at any level, not just the top level +# one. +allow-any-import-level= + +# Allow explicit reexports by alias from a package __init__. +allow-reexport-from-package=no + +# Allow wildcard imports from modules that define __all__. +allow-wildcard-with-all=no + +# Deprecated modules which should not be used, separated by a comma. +deprecated-modules= + +# Output a graph (.gv or any supported image format) of external dependencies +# to the given file (report RP0402 must not be disabled). +ext-import-graph= + +# Output a graph (.gv or any supported image format) of all (i.e. internal and +# external) dependencies to the given file (report RP0402 must not be +# disabled). +import-graph= + +# Output a graph (.gv or any supported image format) of internal dependencies +# to the given file (report RP0402 must not be disabled). +int-import-graph= + +# Force import order to recognize a module as part of the standard +# compatibility libraries. +known-standard-library= + +# Force import order to recognize a module as part of a third party library. +known-third-party=enchant + +# Couples of modules and preferred modules, separated by a comma. +preferred-modules= + + +[LOGGING] + +# The type of string formatting that logging methods do. `old` means using % +# formatting, `new` is for `{}` formatting. +logging-format-style=old + +# Logging modules to check that the string format arguments are in logging +# function parameter format. +logging-modules=logging + + +[MESSAGES CONTROL] + +# Only show warnings with the listed confidence levels. Leave empty to show +# all. Valid levels: HIGH, CONTROL_FLOW, INFERENCE, INFERENCE_FAILURE, +# UNDEFINED. +confidence=HIGH, + CONTROL_FLOW, + INFERENCE, + INFERENCE_FAILURE, + UNDEFINED + +# Disable the message, report, category or checker with the given id(s). You +# can either give multiple identifiers separated by comma (,) or put this +# option multiple times (only on the command line, not in the configuration +# file where it should appear only once). You can also use "--disable=all" to +# disable everything first and then re-enable specific checks. For example, if +# you want to run only the similarities checker, you can use "--disable=all +# --enable=similarities". If you want to run only the classes checker, but have +# no Warning level messages displayed, use "--disable=all --enable=classes +# --disable=W". +disable=raw-checker-failed, + bad-inline-option, + locally-disabled, + file-ignored, + suppressed-message, + useless-suppression, + deprecated-pragma, + use-symbolic-message-instead, + use-implicit-booleaness-not-comparison-to-string, + use-implicit-booleaness-not-comparison-to-zero, + too-many-locals, + too-few-public-methods, + line-too-long + +# Enable the message, report, category or checker with the given id(s). You can +# either give multiple identifier separated by comma (,) or put this option +# multiple time (only on the command line, not in the configuration file where +# it should appear only once). See also the "--disable" option for examples. +enable= + + +[METHOD_ARGS] + +# List of qualified names (i.e., library.method) which require a timeout +# parameter e.g. 'requests.api.get,requests.api.post' +timeout-methods=requests.api.delete,requests.api.get,requests.api.head,requests.api.options,requests.api.patch,requests.api.post,requests.api.put,requests.api.request + + +[MISCELLANEOUS] + +# List of note tags to take in consideration, separated by a comma. +notes=FIXME, + XXX, + TODO + +# Regular expression of note tags to take in consideration. +notes-rgx= + + +[REFACTORING] + +# Maximum number of nested blocks for function / method body +max-nested-blocks=5 + +# Complete name of functions that never returns. When checking for +# inconsistent-return-statements if a never returning function is called then +# it will be considered as an explicit return statement and no message will be +# printed. +never-returning-functions=sys.exit,argparse.parse_error + +# Let 'consider-using-join' be raised when the separator to join on would be +# non-empty (resulting in expected fixes of the type: ``"- " + " - +# ".join(items)``) +suggest-join-with-non-empty-separator=yes + + +[REPORTS] + +# Python expression which should return a score less than or equal to 10. You +# have access to the variables 'fatal', 'error', 'warning', 'refactor', +# 'convention', and 'info' which contain the number of messages in each +# category, as well as 'statement' which is the total number of statements +# analyzed. This score is used by the global evaluation report (RP0004). +evaluation=max(0, 0 if fatal else 10.0 - ((float(5 * error + warning + refactor + convention) / statement) * 10)) + +# Template used to display messages. This is a python new-style format string +# used to format the message information. See doc for all details. +msg-template= + +# Set the output format. Available formats are: text, parseable, colorized, +# json2 (improved json format), json (old json format) and msvs (visual +# studio). You can also give a reporter class, e.g. +# mypackage.mymodule.MyReporterClass. +#output-format= + +# Tells whether to display a full report or only the messages. +reports=no + +# Activate the evaluation score. +score=yes + + +[SIMILARITIES] + +# Comments are removed from the similarity computation +ignore-comments=yes + +# Docstrings are removed from the similarity computation +ignore-docstrings=yes + +# Imports are removed from the similarity computation +ignore-imports=yes + +# Signatures are removed from the similarity computation +ignore-signatures=yes + +# Minimum lines number of a similarity. +min-similarity-lines=4 + + +[SPELLING] + +# Limits count of emitted suggestions for spelling mistakes. +max-spelling-suggestions=4 + +# Spelling dictionary name. No available dictionaries : You need to install +# both the python package and the system dependency for enchant to work. +spelling-dict= + +# List of comma separated words that should be considered directives if they +# appear at the beginning of a comment and should not be checked. +spelling-ignore-comment-directives=fmt: on,fmt: off,noqa:,noqa,nosec,isort:skip,mypy: + +# List of comma separated words that should not be checked. +spelling-ignore-words= + +# A path to a file that contains the private dictionary; one word per line. +spelling-private-dict-file= + +# Tells whether to store unknown words to the private dictionary (see the +# --spelling-private-dict-file option) instead of raising a message. +spelling-store-unknown-words=no + + +[STRING] + +# This flag controls whether inconsistent-quotes generates a warning when the +# character used as a quote delimiter is used inconsistently within a module. +check-quote-consistency=no + +# This flag controls whether the implicit-str-concat should generate a warning +# on implicit string concatenation in sequences defined over several lines. +check-str-concat-over-line-jumps=no + + +[TYPECHECK] + +# List of decorators that produce context managers, such as +# contextlib.contextmanager. Add to this list to register other decorators that +# produce valid context managers. +contextmanager-decorators=contextlib.contextmanager + +# List of members which are set dynamically and missed by pylint inference +# system, and so shouldn't trigger E1101 when accessed. Python regular +# expressions are accepted. +generated-members= + +# Tells whether to warn about missing members when the owner of the attribute +# is inferred to be None. +ignore-none=yes + +# This flag controls whether pylint should warn about no-member and similar +# checks whenever an opaque object is returned when inferring. The inference +# can return multiple potential results while evaluating a Python object, but +# some branches might not be evaluated, which results in partial inference. In +# that case, it might be useful to still emit no-member and other checks for +# the rest of the inferred objects. +ignore-on-opaque-inference=yes + +# List of symbolic message names to ignore for Mixin members. +ignored-checks-for-mixins=no-member, + not-async-context-manager, + not-context-manager, + attribute-defined-outside-init + +# List of class names for which member attributes should not be checked (useful +# for classes with dynamically set attributes). This supports the use of +# qualified names. +ignored-classes=optparse.Values,thread._local,_thread._local,argparse.Namespace + +# Show a hint with possible names when a member name was not found. The aspect +# of finding the hint is based on edit distance. +missing-member-hint=yes + +# The minimum edit distance a name should have in order to be considered a +# similar match for a missing member name. +missing-member-hint-distance=1 + +# The total number of similar names that should be taken in consideration when +# showing a hint for a missing member. +missing-member-max-choices=1 + +# Regex pattern to define which classes are considered mixins. +mixin-class-rgx=.*[Mm]ixin + +# List of decorators that change the signature of a decorated function. +signature-mutators= + + +[VARIABLES] + +# List of additional names supposed to be defined in builtins. Remember that +# you should avoid defining new builtins when possible. +additional-builtins= + +# Tells whether unused global variables should be treated as a violation. +allow-global-unused-variables=yes + +# List of names allowed to shadow builtins +allowed-redefined-builtins= + +# List of strings which can identify a callback function by name. A callback +# name must start or end with one of those strings. +callbacks=cb_, + _cb + +# A regular expression matching the name of dummy variables (i.e. expected to +# not be used). +dummy-variables-rgx=_+$|(_[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?$)|dummy|^ignored_|^unused_ + +# Argument names that match this expression will be ignored. +ignored-argument-names=_.*|^ignored_|^unused_ + +# Tells whether we should check for unused import in __init__ files. +init-import=no + +# List of qualified module names which can have objects that can redefine +# builtins. +redefining-builtins-modules=six.moves,past.builtins,future.builtins,builtins,io diff --git a/colorhash/__main__.py b/colorhash/__main__.py index da78f4e..0fa6437 100644 --- a/colorhash/__main__.py +++ b/colorhash/__main__.py @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +"Generate a graphic based on the hash of an input file." + import argparse import hashlib from pathlib import Path @@ -26,6 +28,9 @@ PALETTES = { def main() -> None: + "Main function entrypoint." + # pylint: disable=invalid-name + MATRIX_CHOICES = { "nibble": "Use each nibble (4 bits) of the hash to generate a matrix", "randomart": "Use the SSH 'randomart' algorithm to generate a matrix", diff --git a/colorhash/colorizer.py b/colorhash/colorizer.py index 19d6a4a..e41352f 100644 --- a/colorhash/colorizer.py +++ b/colorhash/colorizer.py @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +"All things that turn a numeric matrix into a colored matrix." import abc from typing import Sequence @@ -8,10 +9,20 @@ StrMatrix = Sequence[Sequence[str]] class Colorizer(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta): + """ + The base Colorizer class. + + A colorizer turns a numeric matrix into a color matrix, colors being represented by strings of + HTML colors. + """ + @abc.abstractmethod def colorize(self, matrix: Matrix) -> StrMatrix: """ Colorize a matrix. + + :param matrix: the matrix to colorize. + :returns: the colorized matrix. """ @@ -19,9 +30,25 @@ Palette = Sequence[str] class PaletteColorizer(Colorizer): + """ + A palette colorizer. + + This colorizer will use a palette to colorize its inputs. A palette is 16 colors. + """ def __init__(self, palette: Palette) -> None: + """ + Create a new palette colorizer for a given palette. + + :param palette: the palette to use for this colorizer. + """ assert len(palette) == 16, "palette must contain exactly 16 colors" self.palette = palette def colorize(self, matrix: Matrix) -> StrMatrix: + """ + Colorize the given matrix using this colorizer's palette. + + :param matrix: the matrix to colorize. + :returns: the colorized matrix. + """ return [[self.palette[v] for v in row] for row in matrix] diff --git a/colorhash/matricizer.py b/colorhash/matricizer.py index 92ec1f6..657503c 100644 --- a/colorhash/matricizer.py +++ b/colorhash/matricizer.py @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +"All things that turn a hash into a matrix." import abc from typing import Sequence @@ -6,7 +7,20 @@ Matrix = Sequence[Sequence[int]] class Matricizer(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta): + """ + The base Matricizer class. + + A matricizer turns a collection of hash bytes into a matrix of values between 0x0 and 0xf + (inclusive). The method by which this is done is up to the matricizer. + """ + def __init__(self, w: int, h: int) -> None: + """ + Create a new matricizer for the given dimensions. + + :param w: the width of the output matrix. + :param h: the height of hte output matrix. + """ self.w = w self.h = h @@ -14,10 +28,20 @@ class Matricizer(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta): def matricize(self, data: bytes) -> Matrix: """ Convert a hash to a matrix of given width and height. + + :param data: the hash data to turn into a matrix. + :returns: the matrix converted from the hash data. """ class NibbleMatricizer(Matricizer): + """ + A matricizer that converts a hash based on all of the nibbles in the hash. + + While dimensions are not enforced by this matricizer, it is strongly recommended to use the + dimensions provided by the `NibbleMatricizer.DIMENSIONS` member. + """ + DIMENSIONS = { "md5": (8, 4), "sha1": (8, 5), @@ -26,9 +50,13 @@ class NibbleMatricizer(Matricizer): "sha384": (12, 8), "sha512": (16, 8), } + def matricize(self, data: bytes) -> Matrix: """ Convert a set of bytes to a list of rows of nibbles. + + :param data: the hash data to turn into a matrix. + :returns: the matrix converted from the hash data. """ nibbles = [] @@ -39,7 +67,8 @@ class NibbleMatricizer(Matricizer): if len(nibbles) != self.w * self.h: raise ValueError( - f"input data length ({len(nibbles)}) must match matrix dimensions ({self.w}x{self.h} = {self.w * self.h})" + f"input data length ({len(nibbles)}) must match matrix dimensions " + f"({self.w}x{self.h} = {self.w * self.h})" ) cols = [] @@ -54,10 +83,31 @@ class NibbleMatricizer(Matricizer): class RandomartMatricizer(Matricizer): + """ + A matricizer that converts hash data into a matrix based on the "randomart" algorithm from + ssh-keygen. + + See: https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/blob/fc5dc092830de23767c6ef67baa18310a64ee533/sshkey.c#L1014 + """ + def matricize(self, data: bytes) -> Matrix: """ Create a matrix based on the "randomart" algorithm from ssh-keygen. + + The algorithm is as follows: + + 1. Choose the point in the middle of the matrix. + 2. Iterate through the data, two bits at a time. + 3. If the low bit is set, then move the pointer right. Otherwise, move left. + 4. If the high bit is set, then move the pointer down. Otherwise, move up. + 5. If stepping in either direction would move us outside of the matrix, then don't move in + that direction. + 6. At the end of each step, increment the value in the matrix by one. + + :param data: the hash data to turn into a matrix. + :returns: the matrix converted from the hash data. """ + rows = [[0] * self.w for _ in range(self.h)] c = self.w // 2 r = self.h // 2 @@ -74,6 +124,6 @@ class RandomartMatricizer(Matricizer): c = min(max(c, 0), self.w - 1) r = min(max(r, 0), self.h - 1) # max value is 0xf - if rows[r][c] < 0xf: + if rows[r][c] < 0xF: rows[r][c] += 1 return rows diff --git a/colorhash/svg.py b/colorhash/svg.py index e1c5c53..88c8cab 100644 --- a/colorhash/svg.py +++ b/colorhash/svg.py @@ -1,9 +1,14 @@ +"SVG-related functions." from .colorizer import StrMatrix def gensvg(matrix: StrMatrix, square_size: int) -> str: """ Generate an SVG based on a given matrix. + + :param matrix: the color matrix to generate the SVG for. + :param square_size: the size of the squares generated, in pixels. + :returns: the full generated SVG as a string. """ h = len(matrix) w = len(matrix[0])