diff --git a/markup.py b/markup.py
index f6dbbbb..7c30d77 100755
--- a/markup.py
+++ b/markup.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import functools
 import random
 import re
 import string
-from typing import Protocol
+from typing import Optional, Protocol
 
 
 NAME_CHARS = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class MarkupParser:
 ################################################################################
 
 
-def render(text: str, ctx: MarkupContext | None = None) -> str:
+def render(text: str, ctx: Optional[MarkupContext] = None) -> str:
     if not ctx:
         ctx = default_context()
     assert ctx
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ def render(text: str, ctx: MarkupContext | None = None) -> str:
 
 
 def macro_random(
-    ctx: MarkupContext, first: str | None = None, second: str | None = None, *tail: str
+    ctx: MarkupContext, first: Optional[str] = None, second: Optiona[str] = None, *tail: str
 ) -> str:
     """
     Choose a random number.
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ def macro_choose(ctx: MarkupContext, *choices: str):
     return random.choice(choices)
 
 
-def macro_round(ctx: MarkupContext, n: str, digits: str | None = None) -> str:
+def macro_round(ctx: MarkupContext, n: str, digits: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
     "round() function, same as Python's."
     if digits:
         res = round(float(n), int(digits))