From ddfcec04277d70246a2299bc1e6b83e8f27aa9ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alek Ratzloff <alekratz@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 25 Jan 2020 19:17:39 -0500
Subject: [PATCH] Initial commit

Signed-off-by: Alek Ratzloff <alekratz@gmail.com>
---
 .gitignore                |   2 +
 Cargo.lock                | 719 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 Cargo.toml                |  18 +
 build.rs                  |   5 +
 src/common/mod.rs         |   5 +
 src/common/span.rs        |  67 ++++
 src/main.rs               |   7 +
 src/syn/lexer.rs          |   2 +
 src/syn/mod.rs            |   1 +
 src/vm/flags.rs           |   8 +
 src/vm/inst.rs            |  30 ++
 src/vm/mod.rs             |   5 +
 src/vm/reg.rs             |  83 +++++
 src/vm/syn/ast.rs         |  46 +++
 src/vm/syn/mod.rs         |   4 +
 src/vm/syn/parser.lalrpop |  73 ++++
 src/vm/syn/pass.rs        |  19 +
 src/vm/vm.rs              | 315 +++++++++++++++++
 test.asm                  |  23 ++
 vm.md                     | 129 +++++++
 20 files changed, 1561 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .gitignore
 create mode 100644 Cargo.lock
 create mode 100644 Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 build.rs
 create mode 100644 src/common/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 src/common/span.rs
 create mode 100644 src/main.rs
 create mode 100644 src/syn/lexer.rs
 create mode 100644 src/syn/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 src/vm/flags.rs
 create mode 100644 src/vm/inst.rs
 create mode 100644 src/vm/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 src/vm/reg.rs
 create mode 100644 src/vm/syn/ast.rs
 create mode 100644 src/vm/syn/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 src/vm/syn/parser.lalrpop
 create mode 100644 src/vm/syn/pass.rs
 create mode 100644 src/vm/vm.rs
 create mode 100644 test.asm
 create mode 100644 vm.md

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53eaa21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/target
+**/*.rs.bk
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c25461c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.lock
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11509a8
--- /dev/null
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+build = "build.rs"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+bitflags = "1"
+byteorder = "1"
+lalrpop-util = "0.17.2"
+regex = "*"
+
+[build-dependencies]
+lalrpop = "0.17.2"
diff --git a/build.rs b/build.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d35ace0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+use lalrpop;
+
+fn main() {
+    lalrpop::process_root().unwrap();
+}
diff --git a/src/common/mod.rs b/src/common/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb73b99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+pub mod span;
+
+pub mod prelude {
+    pub use super::span::*;
+}
diff --git a/src/common/span.rs b/src/common/span.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04e0bf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/span.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct Pos {
+    pub source: usize,
+    pub line: usize,
+    pub col: usize,
+    pub byte: usize,
+    pub len: usize,
+}
+
+impl Pos {
+    pub fn new(source: usize, line: usize, col: usize, byte: usize, len: usize) -> Self {
+        Pos {
+            source,
+            line,
+            col,
+            byte,
+            len,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_char(c: char, source: usize, line: usize, col: usize, byte: usize) -> Self {
+        Pos::new(source, line, col, byte, c.len_utf8())
+    }
+
+    pub fn adv_char(self, c: char) -> Self {
+        let mut next = self;
+        next.byte += next.len;
+        next.len = c.len_utf8();
+        next.source += 1;
+        next.col += 1;
+        next
+    }
+
+    pub fn adv_line(self) -> Self {
+        let mut next = self;
+        next.line += 1;
+        next
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialOrd for Pos {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        self.source.partial_cmp(&other.source)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Ord for Pos {
+    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
+        self.partial_cmp(other).unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct Span {
+    start: Pos,
+    end: Pos,
+}
+
+impl Span {
+    pub fn union(self, other: Span) -> Self {
+        let start = self.start.min(other.start);
+        let end = self.end.max(other.end);
+        Span { start, end, }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48832fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+mod common;
+//mod syn;
+mod vm;
+
+fn main() {
+    println!("Hello, world!");
+}
diff --git a/src/syn/lexer.rs b/src/syn/lexer.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bbe6b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/syn/lexer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+pub struct Lexer {
+}
diff --git a/src/syn/mod.rs b/src/syn/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc84151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/syn/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pub mod lexer;
diff --git a/src/vm/flags.rs b/src/vm/flags.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e35bbfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vm/flags.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+use bitflags::bitflags;
+
+bitflags! {
+    pub struct Flags: u64 {
+        const HALT    = 1;
+        const COMPARE = 1 << 1;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/vm/inst.rs b/src/vm/inst.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27b29a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vm/inst.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+use crate::vm::reg::*;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub enum Inst {
+    Add(Reg, Reg),
+    Mul(Reg, Reg),
+    Div(Reg, Reg),
+    Neg(Reg),
+    And(Reg, Reg),
+    Or(Reg, Reg),
+    Xor(Reg, Reg),
+    Shl(Reg, Reg),
+    Shr(Reg, Reg),
+
+    CmpEq(Reg, Reg),
+    CmpLt(Reg, Reg),
+    Jz(Reg),
+    Jnz(Reg),
+
+    Load(Reg, Reg),
+    Store(Reg, Reg),
+    StoreImm(Reg, u32),
+    Copy(Reg, Reg),
+
+    Nop,
+    Halt,
+}
+
+// https://crates.io/crates/packed_struct
diff --git a/src/vm/mod.rs b/src/vm/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f57b9b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vm/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+pub mod syn;
+pub mod inst;
+pub mod reg;
+pub mod vm;
+pub mod flags;
diff --git a/src/vm/reg.rs b/src/vm/reg.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..183bf01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vm/reg.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#[repr(u8)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub enum Reg {
+    // https://crates.io/crates/packed_struct
+    // TODO : check this muffugin shit out!!
+
+    /// Instruction pointer
+    Ip = 0,
+
+    /// Stack pointer
+    Sp,
+
+    /// Frame pointer
+    Fp,
+
+    /// Flags
+    Flags,
+
+    Unused00,
+    Unused01,
+    Unused02,
+    Unused03,
+    Unused04,
+    Unused05,
+    Unused06,
+    Unused07,
+    Unused08,
+
+    /// General status code
+    Status,
+
+    R00,
+    R01,
+    R02,
+    R03,
+    R04,
+    R05,
+    R06,
+    R07,
+    R08,
+    R09,
+    R10,
+    R11,
+    R12,
+    R13,
+    R14,
+    R15,
+    R16,
+    R17,
+    R18,
+    R19,
+    R20,
+    R21,
+    R22,
+    R23,
+    R24,
+    R25,
+    R26,
+    R27,
+    R28,
+    R29,
+    R30,
+    R31,
+    R32,
+    R33,
+    R34,
+    R35,
+    R36,
+    R37,
+    R38,
+    R39,
+    R40,
+    R41,
+    R42,
+    R43,
+    R44,
+    R45,
+    R46,
+    R47,
+    R48,
+    R49,
+}
diff --git a/src/vm/syn/ast.rs b/src/vm/syn/ast.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0a5486
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vm/syn/ast.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Line {
+    Section(Section),
+    Inst(Inst),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Section {
+    Code,
+    Data,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum InstOp {
+    Add,
+    Mul,
+    Div,
+    Neg,
+    And,
+    Or,
+    Xor,
+    Shl,
+    Shr,
+    CmpEq,
+    CmpLt,
+    Jz,
+    Jnz,
+    Load,
+    Store,
+    StoreImm,
+    Copy,
+    Nop,
+    Halt,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Inst {
+    pub op: InstOp,
+    pub args: Vec<Value>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Value {
+    Number(u64),
+    Label(String),
+}
diff --git a/src/vm/syn/mod.rs b/src/vm/syn/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e1924d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vm/syn/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+use lalrpop_util::lalrpop_mod;
+
+lalrpop_mod!(pub parser, "/vm/syn/parser.rs");
+pub mod ast;
diff --git a/src/vm/syn/parser.lalrpop b/src/vm/syn/parser.lalrpop
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca86108
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vm/syn/parser.lalrpop
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use crate::vm::{
+    syn::ast::*,
+};
+
+grammar;
+
+// TODO : instkind
+InstOp: InstOp = {
+    "add" => InstOp::Add,
+    "mul" => InstOp::Mul,
+    "div" => InstOp::Div,
+    "neg" => InstOp::Neg,
+    "and" => InstOp::And,
+    "or" => InstOp::Or,
+    "xor" => InstOp::Xor,
+    "shl" => InstOp::Shl,
+    "shr" => InstOp::Shr,
+    "cmpeq" => InstOp::CmpEq,
+    "cmplt" => InstOp::CmpLt,
+    "jz" => InstOp::Jz,
+    "jnz" => InstOp::Jnz,
+    "load" => InstOp::Load,
+    "store" => InstOp::Store,
+    "storeimm" => InstOp::StoreImm,
+    "copy" => InstOp::Copy,
+    "nop" => InstOp::Nop,
+    "halt" => InstOp::Halt,
+}
+
+LabelDef: String = {
+    <Label> ":" => <>
+}
+
+pub Label: String = {
+    "[a-zA-Z]+" => String::from(<>),
+}
+
+pub Section: Section = {
+    ".code" => Section::Code,
+    ".data" => Section::Data,
+}
+
+pub Inst: Inst = {
+    <op:InstOp> <head:Value> <tail:("," <Value>)+> => {
+        Inst {
+            op,
+            args: {
+                let mut tail = tail;
+                tail.insert(0, head);
+                tail
+            }
+        }
+    },
+
+    <op:InstOp> <head:Value?> => {
+        Inst { op, args: if let Some(head) = head { vec![head] } else { vec![] } }
+    }
+}
+
+pub Value: Value = {
+    <Number> => Value::Number(<>),
+    <Label> => Value::Label(<>),
+}
+
+pub Number: u64 = {
+    <s:r"[0-9]+"> => u64::from_str(s).unwrap()
+}
+
+pub Line: Line = {
+    <Section> => Line::Section(<>),
+    <Inst> => Line::Inst(<>),
+}
diff --git a/src/vm/syn/pass.rs b/src/vm/syn/pass.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e9b2f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vm/syn/pass.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+use crate::vm::syn::ast::*;
+
+pub trait Pass<In> {
+    type Out;
+
+    fn pass(self, inval: In) -> Self::Out;
+}
+
+/// Confirms the instructions and their validity.
+pub struct InstPass {
+}
+
+impl Pass<Vec<Line>> for InstPass {
+    type Out = Vec<Line>;
+
+    fn pass(self, inval: Vec<Line>) -> Self::Out {
+        inval
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/vm/vm.rs b/src/vm/vm.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f93737d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vm/vm.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+use crate::vm::{
+    reg::*,
+    inst::*,
+    flags::*,
+};
+use byteorder::{LE, ReadBytesExt, WriteBytesExt};
+use std::{
+    mem,
+    io::Cursor,
+};
+
+pub type Word = u64;
+pub type HalfWord = u32;
+pub type Registers = [Word; 64];
+
+pub struct Vm {
+    code: Vec<Inst>,
+    memory: Vec<u8>,
+    registers: Registers,
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+impl Vm {
+    pub fn new(code: Vec<Inst>, memory: Vec<u8>, registers: Registers) -> Self {
+        Vm { code, memory, registers }
+    }
+
+    pub fn run(&mut self) {
+        while !self.is_halted() {
+            self.tick();
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn tick(&mut self) {
+        let inst = self.decode();
+        let ip = self.ip();
+        self.set_reg(Reg::Ip, ip + 1);
+        self.execute(inst);
+    }
+
+    pub fn resume(&mut self) {
+        self.remove_flags(Flags::HALT);
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_halted(&self) -> bool {
+        self.flags().contains(Flags::HALT)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_word(&self, addr: Word) -> Word {
+        let mut reader = Cursor::new(&self.memory[(addr as usize)..]);
+        reader.read_u64::<LE>()
+            .expect("word outside of address range")
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_halfword(&self, addr: Word) -> HalfWord {
+        let mut reader = Cursor::new(&self.memory[(addr as usize)..]);
+        reader.read_u32::<LE>()
+            .expect("word outside of address range")
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_byte(&self, addr: Word) -> u8 {
+        let mut reader = Cursor::new(&self.memory[(addr as usize)..]);
+        reader.read_u8()
+            .expect("word outside of address range")
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_word(&mut self, addr: Word, value: Word) {
+        let mut writer = Cursor::new(&mut self.memory[(addr as usize)..]);
+        writer.write_u64::<LE>(value)
+            .expect("word outside of address range");
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_halfword(&mut self, addr: Word, value: HalfWord) {
+        let mut writer = Cursor::new(&mut self.memory[(addr as usize)..]);
+        writer.write_u32::<LE>(value)
+            .expect("word outside of address range");
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_byte(&mut self, addr: Word, value: u8) {
+        let mut writer = Cursor::new(&mut self.memory[(addr as usize)..]);
+        writer.write_u8(value)
+            .expect("word outside of address range");
+    }
+
+    pub fn load(&self, reg: Reg) -> Word {
+        self.get_word(self.get_reg(reg))
+    }
+
+    pub fn store(&mut self, reg: Reg, value: Word) {
+        let addr = self.get_reg(reg);
+        self.set_word(addr, value);
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_reg(&self, reg: Reg) -> Word {
+        self.registers[reg as usize]
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_reg(&mut self, reg: Reg, value: Word) -> Word {
+        mem::replace(&mut self.registers[reg as usize], value)
+    }
+
+    pub fn ip(&self) -> Word {
+        self.get_reg(Reg::Ip)
+    }
+
+    pub fn flags(&self) -> Flags {
+        // this is safe because it's OK if there are random bits flipped - this shouldn't happen
+        // anyway, but if it does, they're ignored
+        unsafe { Flags::from_bits_unchecked(self.get_reg(Reg::Flags)) }
+    }
+    
+    pub fn insert_flags(&mut self, flags: Flags) {
+        let mut new_flags = self.flags();
+        new_flags.insert(flags);
+        self.set_flags(new_flags);
+    }
+
+    pub fn remove_flags(&mut self, flags: Flags) {
+        let mut new_flags = self.flags();
+        new_flags.remove(flags);
+        self.set_flags(new_flags);
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_flags(&mut self, flags: Flags) {
+        self.set_reg(Reg::Flags, flags.bits());
+    }
+
+    pub fn map_flags<F>(&mut self, mapping: F)
+        where F: FnOnce(Flags) -> Flags
+    {
+        let in_flags = self.flags();
+        self.set_flags((mapping)(in_flags));
+    }
+
+    pub fn decode(&self) -> Inst {
+        self.code[self.ip() as usize]
+    }
+
+    pub fn execute(&mut self, inst: Inst) {
+        macro_rules! map {
+            ($r0:ident = $($tail:tt)*) => {{
+                let w0 = map!($($tail)+);
+                self.set_reg($r0, w0);
+            }};
+
+            ($r1:ident $sym:tt $r2:ident) => {{
+                let w1 = self.get_reg($r1);
+                let w2 = self.get_reg($r2);
+                (w1 $sym w2)
+            }}
+        }
+
+        match inst {
+            Inst::Add(r1, r2) => {
+                let w1 = self.get_reg(r1);
+                let w2 = self.get_reg(r2);
+                let value = w1.wrapping_add(w2);
+                self.set_reg(r1, value);
+            }
+            Inst::Mul(r1, r2) => {
+                let w1 = self.get_reg(r1);
+                let w2 = self.get_reg(r2);
+                let value = w1.wrapping_mul(w2);
+                self.set_reg(r1, value);
+            }
+            Inst::Div(r1, r2) => map!(r1 = r1 / r2),
+            Inst::Neg(r1) => {
+                let value = self.get_reg(r1);
+                let ivalue = -i64::from_ne_bytes(value.to_ne_bytes());
+                let uvalue = u64::from_ne_bytes(ivalue.to_ne_bytes());
+                self.set_reg(r1, uvalue);
+            }
+            Inst::And(r1, r2) => map!(r1 = r1 & r2),
+            Inst::Or(r1, r2) => map!(r1 = r1 | r2),
+            Inst::Xor(r1, r2) => map!(r1 = r1 ^ r2),
+            Inst::Shl(r1, r2) => map!(r1 = r1 << r2),
+            Inst::Shr(r1, r2) => map!(r1 = r1 >> r2),
+            Inst::CmpEq(r1, r2) => {
+                if map!(r1 == r2) {
+                    self.insert_flags(Flags::COMPARE);
+                } else {
+                    self.remove_flags(Flags::COMPARE);
+                }
+            }
+            Inst::CmpLt(r1, r2) => {
+                if map!(r1 < r2) {
+                    self.insert_flags(Flags::COMPARE);
+                } else {
+                    self.remove_flags(Flags::COMPARE);
+                }
+            }
+            Inst::Jz(r1) => {
+                if !self.flags().contains(Flags::COMPARE) {
+                    let w1 = self.get_reg(r1);
+                    self.set_reg(Reg::Ip, w1);
+                }
+            }
+            Inst::Jnz(r1) => {
+                if self.flags().contains(Flags::COMPARE) {
+                    let w1 = self.get_reg(r1);
+                    self.set_reg(Reg::Ip, w1);
+                }
+            }
+            Inst::Load(r1, r2) => {
+                let value = self.load(r2);
+                self.set_reg(r1, value);
+            }
+            Inst::Store(r1, r2) => {
+                let value = self.get_reg(r1);
+                self.store(r2, value);
+            }
+            Inst::StoreImm(r1, value) => {
+                self.set_reg(r1, value as u64);
+            }
+            Inst::Copy(r1, r2) => {
+                let w1 = self.load(r2);
+                self.store(r1, w1);
+            }
+            Inst::Nop => {}
+            Inst::Halt => {
+                self.insert_flags(Flags::HALT);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn with_registers<F, B>(&self, r1: Reg, r2: Reg, map_fn: F) -> B
+        where F: FnOnce(Word, Word) -> B
+    {
+        let w1 = self.get_reg(r1);
+        let w2 = self.get_reg(r2);
+        (map_fn)(w1, w2)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    macro_rules! itou {
+        { $expr:expr } => { u64::from_ne_bytes(($expr).to_ne_bytes()) };
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_arithmetic() {
+        use Inst::*;
+        use Reg::*;
+
+        let code = vec![
+            StoreImm(R01, 25),
+
+            Add(R00, R01),
+            Halt,
+
+            Mul(R00, R01),
+            Halt,
+
+            Div(R00, R01),
+            Halt,
+
+            StoreImm(R01, 15),
+            And(R00, R01),
+            Halt, // should be 9
+
+            // Storing large numbers
+            StoreImm(R00, 0xABCD_EF98),
+            StoreImm(R01, 32),
+            Shl(R00, R01),
+            Or(R00, R01),
+            Halt,
+
+            Shr(R00, R01),
+            Halt,
+
+            Xor(R00, R00),
+            Halt,
+        ];
+
+        let mut vm = Vm::new(code, Default::default(), [0; 64]);
+
+        vm.run();
+        assert_eq!(vm.get_reg(R00), 25);
+        assert_eq!(vm.get_reg(R01), 25);
+        vm.resume();
+
+        vm.run();
+        assert_eq!(vm.get_reg(R00), 625);
+        assert_eq!(vm.get_reg(R01), 25);
+        vm.resume();
+
+        vm.run();
+        assert_eq!(vm.get_reg(R00), 25);
+        assert_eq!(vm.get_reg(R01), 25);
+        vm.resume();
+
+        vm.run();
+        assert_eq!(vm.get_reg(R00), 9);
+        assert_eq!(vm.get_reg(R01), 15);
+        vm.resume();
+
+        vm.run();
+        assert_eq!(vm.get_reg(R00), 0xABCD_EF98_0000_0020);
+        assert_eq!(vm.get_reg(R01), 32);
+        vm.resume();
+
+        // TODO : signed instructions
+
+        vm.run();
+        assert_eq!(vm.get_reg(R00), 0xABCD_EF98);
+        vm.resume();
+
+        vm.run();
+        assert_eq!(vm.get_reg(R00), 0);
+        vm.resume();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test.asm b/test.asm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a49969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+.data
+
+.code
+
+storeimm %r0, $0xDEAD
+storeimm %r1, $16
+
+shl %r0, %r1
+
+storeimm %r1, $0xBEEF
+or %r0, %r1
+
+storeimm %r1, $0xDEADBEEF
+cmpeq %r0, %r1
+jz failure
+
+jmp ok
+
+failure:
+storeimm %status, $1
+halt
+
+ok:
diff --git a/vm.md b/vm.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..550f69b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vm.md
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+# VM
+
+This is an outline of the VM that drives this language.
+
+# Primitives
+
+* Numbers may be big endian (BE) or little endian (LE) at the byte level. This guide will use LE.
+* Addresses point to single bytes.
+
+| Type     | Size (bits) |
+| -        | -           |
+| Address  | 64          |
+| Word     | 64          |
+| Halfword | 32          |
+| Byte     | 8           |
+
+# Registers
+
+CPU registers are addressed by a value between 0-63 (6 bits). All registers are 64 bits wide.
+
+* IP - Instruction pointer
+* SP - Stack pointer
+* FP - Frame pointer
+* FLAGS - CPU flags
+* (10 unused registers)
+* R0-R49
+
+## CPU Flags
+
+CPU flags are addressed by bit index, going from right to left.
+
+* `00` - Halt flag
+* `01` - Compare flag
+
+### Flag ideas
+
+* "Trace" flag - halts the CPU when certain conditions are met that may be causing undesired
+  behavior - for debugging
+    * Overwriting a register without its value being used
+    * Mixing arithmetic with bit twiddling on the same target
+
+# Instructions
+
+## Arithmetic
+
+Arithmetic instructions store their result in the last register specified.
+
+* Add
+    * **Params**: REG1, REG2
+    * `REG2 = REG1 + REG2`
+* Mul
+    * **Params**: REG1, REG2
+    * `REG2 = REG1 * REG2`
+* Div
+    * **Params**: REG1, REG2
+    * `REG2 = REG1 / REG2`
+* Neg
+    * **Params**: REG1
+    * `REG1 = REG1 * -1`
+* And
+    * **Params**: REG1, REG2
+    * `REG2 = REG1 & REG2`
+* Or
+    * **Params**: REG1, REG2
+    * `REG2 = REG1 | REG2`
+* Xor
+    * **Params**: REG1, REG2
+    * `REG2 = REG1 ^ REG2`
+* Shl
+    * **Params**: REG1, REG2
+    * `REG1 = REG1 << REG2`
+* Shr
+    * **Params**: REG1, REG2
+    * `REG1 = REG1 >> REG2`
+
+## Control flow
+
+* CmpEq
+    * **Params**: REG1, REG2
+    * ```
+        if REG1 == REG2 {
+            FLAGS[1] = 1;
+        } else {
+            FLAGS[1] = 0;
+        }
+    ```
+* CmpLt
+    * **Params**: REG1, REG2
+    * ```
+        if REG1 < REG2 {
+            FLAGS[1] = 1;
+        } else {
+            FLAGS[1] = 0;
+        }
+    ```
+* Jz
+    * **Params**: REG1
+    * ```
+        if FLAGS[0] == 0 {
+            IP = REG1;
+        }
+    ```
+* Jnz
+    * **Params**: REG1
+    * ```
+        if FLAGS[0] != 0 {
+            IP = REG1;
+        }
+    ```
+
+## Data movement
+
+* Load
+    * **Params**: REG1, REG2
+    * ```
+    REG1 = MEM[REG2];
+    ```
+* Store
+    * **Params**: REG1, REG2
+    * ```
+    MEM[REG2] = REG1;
+    ```
+* StoreImm32
+    * (hw = half word)
+    * **Params**: REG1, IMM_HW
+    * `REG1 = IMM_HW`
+* Copy
+    * **Params**: REG1, REG2
+    * `MEM[REG1] = MEM[REG2]`